Japan Agrinfo Newsletter

	1970	1980	1990	1995	2000	2001
GDP (billions of yen)	75,299	245,547	438,816	497,739	513,377	507,455
Agricultural GDP	3,131	6,007	7,701	6,770	7,110	6,973
Percentage of total	4.2	2.4	1.8	1.4	4	1.4
Total exports (millions of dollars)	19,318	129,807	286,948	442,937	479,452	403,026
Agricultural exports	370	905	1,098	1,706	1,560	2,476
Percentage of total	1.9	0.7	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.6
Total imports (millions of dollars)	18,881	140,528	234,799	336,094	379,986	349,016
Agricultural imports	3,248	14,917	26,072	39,389	36,154	34,572
Percentage of total imports	17.2	10.6	11.1	11.7	9.5	7.0
Total households (thousands)	27,093	36,015	41,036	44,108	47,063	48,015
Farm households	5,342	4,661	3,835	3,444	3,120	3,072
Percentage of total	19.7	12.9	9.3	7.8	6.6	6.4
Total population (thousands)	104,665	117,060	123,611	125,570	126,926	126,285
Farm population	26,595	21,366	17,296	15,084	10,467	10,169
Percentage of total population	25.4	18.3	14.0	12.0	8.3	8.1
Total employees (ten thousand persons)	5,109	5,552	6,280	6,456	6,446	6,412
Farming employees	811	506	392	327	290	279
Percentage of total	15.9	9.1	6.2	5.1	4.5	4.4
General account budget (billions of yen)	8,213	43,681	69,651	78,034	84,987	82,652
Agricultural budget	885	3,108	2,519	3,423	3,428	3,401
Percentage of total	10.8	7.1	3.6	4.4	4.0	4.1

Source: Ministry of Finance’s “Report on National Accounts” and “Japanese Trade Statistics,” Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications’ “Labor Survey,” “Population Census” and “Basic Resident Register Populations Survey” and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries’ “Census of Agriculture and Forestry” and “Survey on Movement of Agriculture Structure”

	Cultivated land area
Year	Paddy field	Upland field	Total	Paddy field ratio
1960	3,381	2,690	6,071	55.7
1970	3,441	2,411	5,852	58.8
1980	3,055	2,406	5,461	55.9
1990	2,846	2,397	5,243	54.3
2000	2,641	2,189	4,830	54.7
2002	2,607	2,156	4,762	54.7

Category		1990	1995	2000	2002
Total number of farm households		3,835	3,444	3,120	3,028
	Commercial farm households	2,971	2,651	2,337	2,249	100,0
	Business farm households	820	678	500	463	20.5
	Semi-business farm households	954	695	599	555	24.7
	Side-business farm households	1,196	1,279	1,237	1,232	54.8
	Non-commercial farm households	854	792	783	779

Source: MAFF’s ”Census of Agriculture” and “Survey on Movement of Agricultural Structure”

Notes: 1. Farm households are households with over 0.1 hectare of cultivated land area under management or households that have less than 10 acres of cultivated land area under management but sell agricultural products worth more than ￥150,000 per year.

2. Commercial farm households are households with over 0.3 hectare of cultivated land area under management or house-holds that sell agricultural products worth more than ￥500,000 per year.

3. Business farm households are households where farm-related income accounts for more than 50 percent of household income and with at least one member under 65 years old engaged in farm-related work for more than 60 days per year.

4. Semi-business farm households are households where farm-related income accounts for less than 50 percent of household income and with at least one member under 65 years old engaged in farm-related work for more than 60 days per year.

5. Side-business farm households are households with no members under 65 years old engaged in farm-related work for more than 60 days per year－that is, households that qualify as farm households but are neither business farm households or semi-business farm households.

6. Non-commercial farm households are households with less than 0.3 hectare of cultivated land area under management and sell agricultural products worth less than ￥500,000 per year.

5. Number of Farm Households by Size of Cultivated Land Under Management (2002)

	Total male and female					Males
	Total	15-29 Yrs	30-59 Yrs	Over 60yrs	Over 65yrs		Total	15-29 Yrs	30-59 Yrs	Over 60yrs	Over 65yrs
Year	Total	15-29 Yrs	30-59 Yrs	Over 60yrs	Over 65yrs		Total	15-29 Yrs	30-59 Yrs	Over 60yrs	Over 65yrs
1995	4,140	214	1,447	679	1,800		1,767	119	490	276	883
2000	3,891	247	1,079	507	2,058		1,721	149	384	200	987
2002	3,751	220	1,007	446	2,078		1,667	133	363	175	997

Source: MAFF’s “Census of Agriculture” and “Survey on Movement of Agricultural Structure”

Note: The farm worker population is calculated from the number of persons over 15 years old exclusively engaged in farming for the year preceding the survey, as well as those who also engaged in work other than farming where the number of days exclusively engaged in farming exceeded the number of days engaged in other business.

		1960	1970	1980	1991	1995	2000	2001
Members per household	(persons)	5.72	4.88	4.40	4.20	4.21	3.98	3.94
Cultivated land area under management	(ha)	0.99	1.09	1.18	1.34	1.70	1.79	1.81
Agricultural income (A)	(thousand yen)	219.2	508.0	952.3	1,120.2	1,442.1	1,084.2	1,034.0
Non-agricultural income (B)	(thousand yen)	192.1	885.2	3,562.9	5,714.0	5,452.9	4,974.6	4,750.9
Income of farm household (A) + (B) = (C)	(thousand yen)	411.3	1,393.2	4,515.2	6,834.2	6,895.0	6,058.8	5,784.9
Annuities, presents, etc. (D)	(thousand yen)	31.6	198.7	1,078.6	1,903.9	2,021.5	2,221.0	2,237.0
Total income of farm household (C) + (D) = (E)	(thousand yen)	442.9	1,591.9	5,593.8	8,738.1	8,916.5	8,279.8	8,021.9
(A) / (E)	(%)	49.5	31.9	17.0	12.8	16.2	13.1	12.9

Source: MAFF’s “Farm Households Economy Survey” and “Statistical Survey on Form Management and Economy”

	Gross		Wheat			Fruits
Category	agricultural		and			and		Industrial
	output	Rice	barley	Pulses	Vegetables	nuts	Flowers	crops	Livestock	Others
1960	1,990	923	102	48	195	120	9	91	321	182
	100	46.4	5.1	2.4	9.8	6.0	0.5	4.6	16.1	9.1
1970	4,672	1,818	61	53	691	367	42	212	1,116	313
	100	38.9	1.3	1.1	14.8	7.9	0.9	4.5	23.9	6.7
1980	10,507	3,429	159	105	1,842	756	165	521	2,950	582
	100	32.6	1.5	1.0	17.5	7.2	1.6	5.0	28.1	5.5
1990	11,158	3,154	159	102	2,495	973	367	429	2,971	510
	100	28.3	1.4	0.9	22.4	8.7	3.3	3.8	26.6	4.6
2000	9,130	2,321	131	101	2,114	810	447	339	2,460	407
	100	25.4	1.4	1.1	23.2	8.9	4.9	3.7	26.9	4.5
2001	8,852	2,220	128	97	2,049	750	441	334	2,446	387
	100	25.1	1.4	1.1	23.1	8.5	5.0	3.8	27.6	4.4

	Total	Planted area of crops different agricultural products								Utilization
Category	Planted	Paddy field	Wheat		Fruits		Forage and		Area of	Rate of
	area of	rice and	and		and		manure	Other	cultivated	cultivated
	crops	upland rice	barley	Pulses	nuts	Vegetables	crops	crops	land	land
1960	8,129	3,308	1,520	642	254	812	506	1,086	6,071	133.9
1970	6,311	2,923	483	338	416	838	736	585	5,796	108.9
1980	5,706	2,377	320	261	408	762	1,034	545	5,461	104.5
1990	5,349	2,074	369	257	346	736	1,096	471	5,243	102.0
1995	4,920	2,118	257	156	315	669	1,013	392	5,038	97.7
2000	4,563	1,770	297	192	286	620	1,026	372	4,830	94.5
2001	4,520	1,706	321	215	280	604	1,025	369	4,793	94.3

Notes: 1. “Utilization rate of cultivated land” represents the planted area of crops as a percentage of the total area of cultivated land.

Sector	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Total of agricultural production	103.9	104.3	98.1	99.7	100.0	98.3
Total of arable crops production	104.5	105.1	97.1	99.5	100.0	98.7
Rice	109.2	105.8	94.6	96.8	100.0	95.7
Barley and wheat	74.6	82.6	75.8	85.6	100.0	100.6
Beans	80.8	78.4	78.8	87.0	100.0	104.0
Potatoes	103.5	112.2	106.0	98.8	100.0	99.0
Total of vegetables	105.1	103.4	98.1	100.0	100.0	98.8
Fruits	99.3	115.1	101.2	107.7	100.0	105.3
Flowers	94.0	95.7	96.4	100.6	100.0	99.9
Industrial crops	102.8	108.7	106.2	103.6	100.0	100.6
Total of livestock production	102.4	102.2	101.1	100.2	100.0	97.4
Milk cattle	114.2	109.8	105.5	102.9	100.0	99.6
Beef cattle	101.3	100.9	100.5	100.3	100.0	92.3
Pigs	100.5	102.2	102.1	100.6	100.0	97.0
Broiler chickens	105.2	103.5	100.4	100.3	100.0	99.8
Chicken eggs	101.0	101.0	100.1	99.9	100.0	100.4
Raw milk	102.1	101.7	100.9	99.6	100.0	97.8

Source: MAFF’s “Index Numbers of Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Production”

Note: Indices represent the relevant year’s output as a percentage of the corresponding output in 2000

Item	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Total	114.5	106.3	100.0	99.8	97.1
Rice	116.7	108.2	100.0	99.5	98.4
Vegetables	135.9	113.7	100.0	103.8	101.2
Fruits	109.3	101.6	100.0	95.2	84.1
Industrial crops	87.0	107.6	100.0	96.6	89.2
Flowers	117.9	100.7	100.0	99.5	103.8
Livestock total	100.0	99.4	100.0	100.1	98.6
Chicken eggs	88.3	101.2	100.0	88.9	91.7
Raw milk	101.4	100.7	100.0	100.7	100.8

Notes: 1. Indices represent the relevant year’s price as a percentage of the corresponding price in 2000

	1965	1975	1985	1995	1999	2000	2001	2002
Rice	95	110	107	99	95	95	95	96
Wheat	28	4	14	9	9	11	11	13
Barley and rye	73	10	15	7	7	8	8	9
Potatoes	100	99	96	87	83	83	84	84
Beans	25	9	8	5	6	7	7	7
Soybeans	11	4	5	3	4	5	5	5
Vegetables	100	99	95	86	83	82	82	83
Fruits	90	84	77	53	49	44	45	44
Meats (Excluding whale meat)	90	77	81	56	54	52	53	53
Beef	95	81	72	36	36	34	36	39
Pork	100	86	86	62	59	57	55	53
Chicken	97	97	92	68	65	64	64	65
Chicken eggs	100	97	98	96	96	95	96	96
Milk and dairy products	86	81	85	71	70	68	68	69
Fishery products	100	99	93	59	56	53	48	46
Seaweeds	88	86	74	66	61	63	62	64
Sugar	31	15	33	29	31	29	32	34
Edible oil	31	23	32	14	14	14	13	13
Mushrooms	115	110	102	76	76	74	75	77

Fiscal year	1960	1970	1980	1990	1995	2000	2001	2002
Self-sufficiency rate for grains (food and feed)	82	46	33	30	30	28	28	28
Self-sufficiency rate for staple grains	89	74	69	67	64	60	60	61
Self-sufficiency rate by calorific supply	79	60	53	48	43	40	40	40

		Calorific supply for each crop type as a percentage of total daily calorific supply
	Per capita				Milk and
	daily calorific				daily
Fiscal year	supply	Rice	Wheat	Meat	products	Sugar	Fat	Others
1960	2,290.6	48.3	10.9	1.2	1.6	6.9	4.6	26.6
1970	2,529.0	36.7	12.3	3.2	3.3	11.2	9.0	24.5
1980	2,561.5	30.1	12.7	5.4	4.2	9.6	12.5	25.6
1990	2,639.4	25.9	12.1	5.8	5.5	8.7	13.6	28.3
1995	2,653.3	24.9	12.4	6.4	6.0	8.3	13.9	28.0
1997	2,651.1	24.5	12.3	6.2	6.2	8.2	14.3	28.2
1998	2,602.1	24.4	12.5	6.4	6.2	8.1	14.2	28.1
1999	2,619.7	24.2	12.4	6.5	6.2	8.1	14.5	28.3
2000	2,642.1	23.8	12.4	6.5	6.3	8.0	14.5	28.5
2001	2,619.3	23.7	12.4	6.2	6.2	8.0	14.6	28.9

14. Exports and Imports of Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Products (2002)

		Value
Exports	Total value	52,109
	Agricultural, forestry and fisheries products	351
	Agricultural products	206
	Forestry products	8
	Fisheries products	137
Imports	Total value	42,227
	Agricultural, forestry and fisheries products	7,208
	Agricultural products	4,301
	Forestry products	1,145
	Fisheries products	1,762
Balance of imports and exports		9,881
Agricultural, forestry and fisheries products		-6,858
Yen-dollar exchange rate		125.39

Source: MAFF’s “Summary Trade Report of Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Products (2003)”

Note: “Balance of imports and exports” is equal to the value of exports minus the value of imports.

	1960	1970	1980	1990	1995	2000	2001
Pork	1	8	92	243	350	348	411
Beef	1	8	139	272	305	280	280
Corns	29	146	454	331	225	203	237
Soy beans	39	132	298	183	129	132	142
Wheat	64	115	279	147	126	111	126
Fresh vegetable	0	20	13	47	93	102	110

Source: MAFF’s “Summary Trade Report of Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Products (2002)”

Pork	U.S.A	Denmark	Canada	Mexico	Hungary	Other
411	145	122	89	25	8	23
100	35	30	22	6	2	6
Beef	U.S.A	Australia	Canada	New Zealand
280	152	114	9	6
100	54	41	3	2
Corns	U.S.A	South Africa	Argentina	Brazil	China	Other
237	205	12	7	6	6	1
100	87	5	3	3	2	1
Soy beans	U.S.A	Brazil	Canada	China	Paraguay	Other
142	105	18	10	7	2	1
100	74	13	7	5	1	1
Wheat	U.S.A	Canada	Australia
126	62	38	26
100	49	30	21
Fresh Vegetables	China	U.S.A	Korea	New Zealand	Mexico	Other
110	42	21	11	10	5	21
100	38	19	10	9	5	19

Source: MAFF’s “Summary Trade Report of Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Products (2002)”

17. Principal Source of Imports of Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Products (2002)

Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries products	U.S.A	China	EU	Canada	Australia
Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries products	(25.5)	(13.2)	(10.2)	(7.0)	(6.5)
Agricultural products	U.S.A	China	Australia	Canada	Thailand
	(35.8)	(12.1)	(7.7)	(6.5)	(5.3)
Forestry products	Canada	U.S.A	China	EU	Australia
	(14.2)	(11.0)	(10.7)	(9.7)	(6.4)
Fisheries products	China	U.S.A	Thailand	Russia	South Korea
	(17.9)	(9.9)	(7.5)	(6.5)	(6.2)

Source: MAFF’s “Summary Trade Report of Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Products (2003)